Name three evidence-based reading instruction practices for students with dyslexia or reading difficulties.

• A. Systematic explicit phonics/structured literacy; explicit vocabulary instruction; guided reading and fluent practice
• B. Guessing strategies; silent reading only
• C. Phonics only
• D. Rote memorization of sight words only

Answer: (A)

For students who struggle with reading, instruction needs to teach decoding and word meanings directly and give meaningful practice in reading with support. The best choice combines three well-supported practices: systematic explicit phonics or structured literacy, explicit vocabulary instruction, and guided reading with fluent practice.

Systematic explicit phonics/structured literacy means teaching letter–sound relationships in a deliberate sequence, with clear modeling and guided practice. This builds the ability to decode unfamiliar words and is especially helpful for learners with dyslexia because it makes the sound–letter connections explicit.

Explicit vocabulary instruction involves directly teaching the meanings, uses, and connections of important words. This strengthens comprehension by expanding the words students can recognize and understand when they read.

Guided reading and fluent practice provide a small-group, teacher-supported setting with appropriately leveled texts, modeling, and opportunities for repeated reading to build accuracy, speed, and expression. This helps students read more smoothly and with better comprehension.

The other options miss key pieces: guessing strategies and silent reading lack decoding instruction and guided practice; focusing on phonics alone leaves out vocabulary and comprehension; and memorizing sight words without developing decoding skills doesn’t help students read unfamiliar words or understand text.